Sunday, December 29, 2019

New Technology For Plastic Surgery Emerging - 1665 Words

However, the downside is that more adolescents feel they need to undergo these procedures themselves in order to fulfill the ideal body image. These cosmetic procedures may be especially dangerous to an already youthful person. There is always new technology for plastic surgery emerging, and celebrities are usually the first ones to try it, because of their wealth, and because plastic surgeons want other people to follow in the path of these celebrities. Celebrities appear to be ageless as the craze for anti-aging cosmetics becomes more prevalent in society. People also undergo plastic surgery in order to look like a celebrity. Going back to the article, Newer Trends in Facial Rejuvenation, it is inferred in the beginning of the article that the rise in more rejuvenation options correlates with the increase in the overall amount of procedures because statistically, from 1997 to 2007, surgical procedures have risen by 114%, and nonsurgical by 754% in the United States alone. (Aslam an d Rani). Altering one’s appearance has become a social norm, as seen by celebrities. It has become an elite culture that has others who cannot afford plastic surgery feeling left out. AARP has put together a slideshow consisting of celebrities who appear to have defied the aging process; many of these celebrities are known to have undergone plastic surgery at one point of their lives (Ianzito, No Way They re 60-Plus!). Adolescents who see this slideshow may feel insecure with their own features,Show MoreRelatedDangerous Effects Of Plastic Surgial Procedure846 Words   |  4 PagesDangerous effects of plastic surgial procedure People are more and more drawn into thinking that their identities and bodies are similarly plastic, flexible, liquid. Karen Donley-Hayes, who is contributor to Cosmetic Surgery Times, Dermatology Times, and the Journal of the American Medical Association, contends: An extreme makeover culture is emerging. As procedures and techniques improve and become more affordable, cosmetic surgery has turned from luxury to a prerequisite in a societyRead MoreDangerous Effects Of Plastic Surgial Procedure1333 Words   |  6 Pages Dangerous effects of plastic surgial procedure People are more and more drawn into thinking that their identities and bodies are similarly plastic, flexible, liquid. Karen Donley-Hayes, who is contributor to Cosmetic Surgery Times, Dermatology Times, and the Journal of the American Medical Association, contends: An extreme makeover culture is emerging. As procedures and techniques improve and become more affordable, cosmetic surgery has turned from luxury to a prerequisite in a societyRead More Medical Intervention for Intersexed Children: Gender Unknown1305 Words   |  6 Pagesfemale because female genitalia is easier to construct (Beh Diamond). Holmes wrote, Invasive surgeries are thus carried out on children who are either pre-linguistic or unable to speak for themselves as legal minors. A child has a right to their body just as every human being does. He/she just does not have a voice yet to tell the doctors what he/she would like(Coventry). After the surgery it is an unspoken rule to never speak about the operation. This has a bad psychological effect on theRead MorePhotoshop should be banned for models1535 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Digitally altering pictures or ‘Photoshopping’ is the norm of not only the fashion industry but any industry related to print media nowadays. Retouching pictures has not blossomed due to technology, we can trace it back to 1500’s when the period of high renaissance art was fading away a new form of art was emerging known as Mannerism which applauded the modified physic of the subjects over the regular ones(1). Setting impossible standards, models are made to look like vi rtual perceptions and nothingRead MoreMedical Technology Has Changed Our Lives1565 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology is relatively new in our community, it is constantly evolving to improve our everyday lives. From high tech robotic instruments to home computers or cellphones that have countless capabilities have come a long way from the beginning of technology. Including home appliances that are in people smart homes have definitely been upgraded all due to computers and their accessory. Medical Technology has come a long way from the late 1850 however, the past 50 years medical technology has beenRead More3d Printing Has A Huge Future1257 Words   |  6 Pages3D Printing One Emerging Technology field that is soon to change the game is 3D Printing. Though 3D Printers have been around since the 1980’s, it hasn’t been widely accessible or used until now. This is due to the advances in technology, which allow 3D Printers to be created in a smaller form factor and used at a much cheaper price. Throughout this paper, I will further go through more reason why I believe 3D printing has a huge future. This paper’s topics are broken up into various paragraphsRead MoreInternal Analysis : External Analysis3595 Words   |  15 PagesExternal Analysis MGT 431 Section 1. Identifying The Industry Within the industry of plastic surgery the total revenue is currently around 13.5 billion dollars and still growing at an annual growth rate of 2.3 percent. The growth rate is expected to rise to around 5.5% in the next five years according to Ibisworld.com. In 2012, the industry reported around 12 billion dollars of revenue for both surgical and non-surgical procedures, which indicated a 12 percent overall increase in procedures accordingRead MoreHow Digital Printing Is Revolutionize Our Modern Day Lives?1258 Words   |  6 Pages Where do you think the future of medicine will be in the next decade? With diseases and illnesses advancing, technology has been improving and advanced innovative ways have been surfacing. Something that has modernized our way of life without even realizing it is a printer. Do you ever foresee that printers could other than put ink on a piece of paper? Three-dimensional printing is revolutionizing our modern day lives in our own selves as we speak. Although there are several types of 3D printingRead MoreFood Retail Sector Of The Food Industry1660 Words   |  7 Pagesbathroom and kitchen appliances etc. 3.The importance of using emerging technologies in food production, manufacturing and packaging is it helps improve the time, cost, efficiency and environment of the product being produced. Emerging technology are becoming more cost and time efficient because for example they are able to make packaging in bulk. They are also producing packaging that is eco-friendly. Two emerging Technologies within in this sector and organisation of Woolworths are Self-ServeRead MoreEvaluating The Future Of Medicine1508 Words   |  7 Pages Where do you think the future of medicine will be in the next decade? With diseases and illnesses advancing, technology has been improving and advanced innovative ways have been surfacing. Something that has modernized our way of life without even realizing it is a printer. Did you ever foresee that printers could do other than put ink on a piece of paper? Three-dimensional printing is revolutionizing our modern day lives as we speak. Although there are several types of 3D printing, one version

Saturday, December 21, 2019

Decision Modeling Analysis And Analysis - 1386 Words

Decision Modeling Analysis â€Å"Business these days is all in the numbers, as franchises tap into the power of big data to customize marketing, select locations and manage staffing. These are the companies leading the charge† (Daley, 2016, p. 133). This is how today’s world works. However, just simply collecting data is not enough. What do you do with it, and how do you turn it into something meaningful? Competition is fierce, and being wrong is never a good option. Using terms like I think, hopefully, and that is the way we have always done it, is a good first step to going out of business and the unemployment line. Using proper business analysis techniques with reliable data will increase the likelihood that a prediction, or a†¦show more content†¦Once a decision has been made (hopefully utilizing probability), the different outcomes can be displayed with their probability of occurring. For example, A business is wanting to develop a new product with the highest profit margin p ossible. The initial options are a cheap, midrange, or a high-quality product. Each has their own fixed material and labor cost. The first step in the decision tree is to determine the feasibility of making a profit at all. If after marketing samples are done and a low chance of success is determined, then the product should be abandoned during this first step. Otherwise, an option can be chosen. We will say that the mid-range product was chosen as the best option due to demand and cost. Next, it should be determined how well this product will sell, and how much product, or market share will be needed to be profitable, and by how much. Imputing this data into Excel or Precision tree can result in an expected monetary value which is the weighted average of all these choices (Albright, Winston, 2017). Distribution and Uncertainty. Distribution, as in probability distribution, take probability one step further. In the previous example of rain, there is only two possible outcomes. Either it will rain, or it won’t. Unfortunately, most decisions are not that simple. Sometimes there are several choices to make, and the cheapest one is not always the best option. Probability distribution doesn’t necessarily present aShow MoreRelatedSpeadsheet Modeling Decision Analysis 5e: Chapter 3 Solutions4520 Words   |  19 PagesChapter 3 Modeling Solving LP Problems In A Spreadsheet 1. In general, it does not matter what is placed in a variable (changing) cell. Ultimately, Solver will determine the optimal values for these cells. If the model builder places formulas in changing cells, Solver will replace the formulas with numeric constants representing the optimal values of the decision variables. An exception to this general principle is found in Chapter 8 where, when solving nonlinear programming problems, theRead MoreData Analysis Golf Course Design1491 Words   |  6 Pages2013 Decision Modeling Assignment: Golf Course Design CO 5124 Data Analysis Decision Modeling Tutorial : B By Madhumita Srinivasan (12772343) Submitted to Dr.Eddie Chng 1 |CO5124 DATA ANALYSIS DECISION MODELING INTRODUCTION Paradise Palm Golf Club, a well established golf club in Cairns, has planned to expand its operations by building a brand new golf course in Townsville. As the success of the golf course largely depends on the extent to which the users find it enjoyable, FutureRead MoreBusn312 Hw1A963 Words   |  4 PagesHomework 1a Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. B 1. The essence of decision analysis is: |a. |breaking down complex situations into manageable elements. | |b. |choosing the best course of action among alternatives. | |c. |finding the root cause of why something has gone wrong. Read MoreIntroduction Of Data Mining I - Cis 5081218 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation: 1. Decision Analysis and Optimization 2. Predictive modeling 3. Predictive Search 4. Transaction Profiling 1. Decision Analysis and Optimization Decision analysis refers to the quantitative field that deals with modeling, analyzing and optimizing decisions made by ecommerce organizations. Applications include tracking key performance indicators, optimizing supply chain management, uncovering hidden sales opportunities and determining runaway operating costs, etc. Decision analysis analyzesRead MoreThe Cost Effectiveness Of A Drug Or Treatment1291 Words   |  6 PagesExample decision tree analysis from the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology [Ademi] One current method of studying cost effectiveness is called a decision tree analysis. It is used to illustrate a decision-making process for quantifying and comparing health strategies in terms of health effects and costs. Use of a decision tree allows users to explicitly view assumptions and inputs. An example of a hypothetical decision tree is showing in Figure 1 [Ademi]. Branches in the decision tree representRead MorePredictive Analytics And E Commerce And Internet Based Services Industry1722 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation: 1. Decision Analysis and Optimization 2. Predictive modeling 3. Predictive Search 4. Transaction Profiling 1. Decision Analysis and Optimization Decision analysis refers to the quantitative field that deals with modeling, analyzing and optimizing decisions made by ecommerce organizations. Applications include tracking key performance indicators, optimizing supply chain management, uncovering hidden sales opportunities and determining runaway operating costs, etc. Decision analysis analyzesRead MoreScenario Analysis : The Gap Between Science And Decision Making877 Words   |  4 PagesScenario analysis Scenario analysis explores trajectories of change that diverge from present conditions, ultimately leading to alternative possible future states or events. In so doing, it provides a dynamic and flexible way to evaluate policy or management options. Scenarios are not predictions or forecasts; but rather, they are ‘‘plausible and often simplified descriptions of how the future may develop based on a coherent and internally consistent set of assumptions about driving forces and keyRead MoreHow Models Can Be Beneficial For Sustainability Science?1042 Words   |  5 Pagesranging from economics to biology. They aim to apply parameters to a phenomenon and provide an analysis of the responses by the system that is being modeled. A model is a good way to project the future feedbacks of a system in order to better plan and build policies regarding the discipline it regards. In sustainability science, a model has the ability to provide information that will lead to the best decis ions regarding the longevity of environmental systems and how to go about ensuring the sustainabilityRead MoreSystem Analysis and Design1287 Words   |  6 PagesSystem Analysis and Design Syllabus SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Module 1: Data and Information (3) Types of information: operational, tactical, strategic and statutory – why do we need information systems – management structure – requirements of information at different levels of management – functional allocation of management – requirements of information for various functions – qualities of information – small case study. Module 2: Systems Analysis and Design Life Cycle (3) Requirements determinationRead MorePredicting Preferences1636 Words   |  7 Pagesmathematical topic involving probabilistic modeling. Indeed, the mathematician Karl Pearson said in 1907 that the fundamental problem in statistics is prediction. Prediction, however, is usually not an end goal itself, but rather means to put probabilistic bounds on the relative frequency or likelihood of occurrence of future uncertain events so that strategies or actions can be taken incorporating these prediction s. Risk management needs predictive analysis, as does economic regulation, engineering

Friday, December 13, 2019

Introduction to 21st Fashion Free Essays

string(63) " director of the French design house Louis Vuitton since 1997\." Student name: Peiji Zhou Student number: 10344206 Content page: Lookbook and range building——————-P 3 Shop report———————————–P 7 Luxury brand———————————P 9 Ethical Fashion——————————–P 11 Footwear————————————-P 13 NEXT—————————————-P 16 Marks Spencer——————————P 18 Jeffery West———————————- P 21 Tannery visit——————————— -P 23 References————————————P 25 Lookbook and range building: A lookbook is a collection of photographs to show a style, a model or a clothing line. It usually exists in fashion website and fashion bloggers. lookbook is like a fashion portfolio or fashion diaries, Fashion bloggers update their fashion look constantly online. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to 21st Fashion or any similar topic only for you Order Now It can be a record for blogger’s own fashion look and also a record for other people’s looks such as a celebrity, politician or socialite, it can be described as ‘artist portfolio’. Nowadays, lookbook is common for stores and clothing designers to use it to show off products. They include photos of multiple types of clothes, shoes and other accessories from a season or line. Examples of lookbook: LOOKBOOK. nu known as ‘LB’— the largest online community which established in 2008 dedicated to showcasing member-uploaded â€Å"street style† photography. Members post photos on LOOKBOOK. nu to document their evolving style or a collective gallery from other ‘lookbolggers’. Non-members can also draw their daily fashion style on LOOKBOOK. nu. The most popular looks will be displayed on the ‘Hot’ page. â€Å"LOOKBOOK. nu was created to bring together creative, interesting, and openminded fashion enthusiasts, and to democratically recognize the talents of real people around the world. (lookbook. nu 2011). In a sense, LOOKBOOK. nu is the world’s first, truly editorless fashion magazine. Some lookbooks from fashion brand website: (LOVE. COM) (H;M. COM) Range building is usually mentioned with clothing line planning. They are important commercial functions in the fashion industry. The functions include maki ng a good range, taking into account customers, competitors, price points, fabrics, core items and seasonal specials. They are also a key function of fashion merchandiser who may consult with designers and buyers depending on the business operating structure of a company. The first step of range building is to determine what clothes to manufacture. Ascertain if there is a market for your proposed product, and then be able to define your specialty, both in line and price category. The market for clothes is as varied as the demographic segmentation of the population, it focuses on gender (girls, boys, woman, men. ) and age (baby clothes, granny clothes). Also, consider creating clothes for infants, large women and pregnant woman. Further, design clothes for a specific niche market such as for sports enthusiasts and athletes. (Golfing apparel, tennis outfits or swimwear). Shop report: Shop report is one kind of report that introduces, describe and present stores and shopping opportunities in specific area. Firstly, a shop report should include a brief description of the area of choice and information about the local demographic. Provide detailed address, contact information and website, give direction that reader can find the shop. Secondly, it should explain what products the shop is selling. Identify whether it is handbags, leather goods or shoes. For example, write a detailed description of the goods in terms of colour, design, themes. Further, outlining the prices of products for the shop is necessary, but it is not a list of every items. Give an approximation like shoes in this shop vary between $99~$500. These three steps are the base of shop report. A detailed shop report also provides a comparison of shops analyzed. Compare their selection of brands, designers, quality of garments, styles, prices and overall customer base. For example, while one shop may have a larger selection of clothing compared to other shops, the quality may be better in the stores with smaller selections. If possible, make a table of contents at the beginning of the report let reader find information quickly. This is a shop report of Kaight which is a fashion boutique in New York. It gives detailed information about the designers and introduction of the products. Another website which is GLLTN. COM has a few detailed shop reports about London stores. Luxury brand: Luxury can be described as the great comfort and extravagant living or ‘an inessential’, desirable item that is expensive or difficult to obtain. It is a specific tier of offer in almost any product or service category. Luxury products are always being classical, special, fashionable, value. Being luxury products are usually due to their design, quality, branding exclusivity, durability or performance. Luxury goods plays a role of status symbols as it tend to signify the power of purchase of people who can obtain them. In other words, luxury products are displaying wealth or income of their owners. These kinds of goods are objects of conspicuous consumption include handbags, shoes, cosmetics, jewelry, clothing, vehicle, perfume, watch, holiday, large residences. The recent global sales of luxury goods: leather goods (33%), watch;jewlry (30%), perfume;other (27%), apparel (10%). Luxury brand is a heritage global brand that is focused on exclusive fashion and luxury goods which is expensive and coveted by consumers. It is another market characteristic of luxury goods which is high profit margins as well as prices, and very tightly controlled brands. For example, LVMH (Louis Vuitton Moet Hennessy) is the largest luxury good producer in the world with over 50 brands. In 2003, it made a profit of â‚ ¬2 billion on the sales of â‚ ¬12 billion. A few of luxury brands are classified as designer brand which is an established or rising major designer whose signature personality and associated with fashion. Such as Paul Smith, Vivienne Westwood, Prada, Giorgio Armani, Versace. There are some star designers like John Galliano who was head designer of French haute couture houses Givenchy in 1996 and Christian Dior now, and also his own self-titled fashion house. Karl Lagerfeld is a German fashion designer, artist and photographer. He is most notably as head designer and creative director for Chanel. John Paul Gaultier is a French haute couture fashion designer and the creative director of Hermes. Marc Jacobs who is an American fashion designer has been the creative director of the French design house Louis Vuitton since 1997. You read "Introduction to 21st Fashion" in category "Essay examples" He won a number of awards and has his own brand called Marc Jacobs as well. Top 10 luxury markets are Japan, North American, London, France, China, Italy, Taiwan, German, Spain, Switzerland, and Brazil. Ethical Fashion: Ethical in business is usually defined as doing no harm, take an active role in poverty reduction, sustainable livelihood creation and counteracting environmental concerns. Ethical Fashion is an umbrella term to describe ethical fashion design, production, retail, and purchasing. It covers a range of issues such as working conditions, exploitation, fair trade, sustainable production, the environment, and animal welfare. According to EFF. COM (2010), ethical fashion is an approach to the design, sourcing and manufacture of clothing which maximizes benefits to people while minimizing impact on the environment. The triple bottom lines of sustainability are social, environmental and commercial. A business or initiative is not ethical and sustainable unless the triple bottom line is integrated. Social: â€Å"Increasing the capacity and wellbeing of the people and communities behind fashion. Any fashion business depends on the people behind it. In a broader context, poverty and exploitation of the human workforce behind fashion affects the stability of the industry itself. † (EFF 2010) Environmental: play some action to reducing the environmental impact of all business operations. Such as awareness raising , investment in and support of environmental initiatives. Commercial: without a strong financial business structure, none of the above can be achieved and good intentions can backfire. Furthermore, a sustainable approach includes quality products or services that meet customers’ needs and are fairly marketed. The Ethical Fashion Forum has created a set of 10 criteria for ethical fashion: 1. Countering fast, cheap fashion and damaging patterns of fashion consumption 2. Defending fair wages, working conditions and workers’ rights 3. Supporting sustainable livelihoods 4. Addressing toxic pesticide and chemical use 5. Using and /or developing eco- friendly fabrics and components 6. Minimizing water use. 7. Recycling and addressing energy efficiency and waste 8. Developing or promoting sustainability standards for fashion 9. Resources, training and/ or awareness raising initiatives 10. Animal rights Case about ethical fashion: In Germany, a boom in sustainable fashion is expected these years. Although the market is still small, it is growing steadily. More than 200 fashion labels and 30concept stores are now dedicated to sustainability. Ethical fashion events are attracting an increasing number of visitors to Germany. Also, in October 2011, Universities in Germany opened first master degree course called â€Å"Sustainability in fashion†. Footwear: Footwear is included in garments, it is apparel worn on the feet. Footwear is a key element of fashion and adornment. It has been designed to meet people’s real and perceived needs-protection, support, comfort, sturdiness, and stylishness. According to Drummond (2000), From over 15,000 years ago, there were some draws which made by Spanish cave show humans with animals skin or furs wrapped around their feet. So, shoes in some form or another have been existed for a long time. From the sandal to modern athletic shoes, the evolution of footwear is marvels of engineering. Even today, footwear industries continue to developing and find new materials to cover our feet. Materials of footwear: Leather Plastic Rubber Textiles Wood Jute, Metal The Anatomy of a Shoe (footwearhistory. com): Breast: the front of the heel under the arch. Cap: the toecap. Counter: overlaid piece at the back of the upper. Feather: the part of the last and the shoe where the upper edge meets the sole. Insole: a piece of leather or other material between the sole and the foot. Puff: a light reinforcing inside the upper which gives the toe its shape and support. Quarter: the part of the back of the upper, which covers the heel. Seat: the concave part of the heel that fits into the shoe and into which the heel of the foot sits. Shank: a piece of metal inserted between the sole and the insole lying against the arch of the foot. Sole: the piece of leather or other material that comes in contact with the ground. Stiffener: the inside stiffening of the upper, covering the heel and giving the back of the shoe support. Throat: the front of the vamp. Top Piece: the part of the heel that comes in contact with the ground. Topline: the top edge of the upper. Upper: the piece of the shoe that covers the foot. Vamp: the part of the upper that covers the front of the foot as far as the back as the joint of the big toe. Waist: the part of the last and the shoe that corresponds to the arch and instep of the foot. Famous brands of footwear: NEXT: The NEXT was founded in 1982 by J Hepworth. Their first store was selling women fashion garments which include clothes, shoes and accessories. Nowadays, NEXT is the UK leading brand and owns more than 500 stores in the UK and 200 stores in oversea countries. Recent years, NEXT opened a few larger format fashion and home stores across the UK. The first combined fashion, home and garden store has been opened at Shoreham-by-sea in August 2011. It also means the product range of NEXT is wider than before. Its product range includes apparel of woman, men and children, homeware, electrical, grader accessories now. NEXT launched products for men in 1984, after 4 months there are 52 menswear stores. The home interiors was established in 1985 and childrenswear was added in 1987. Thus NEXT became a full-line lifestyle brand in a short time. The NEXT directory which is a new standard home shopping was launched in 1988. It is a seasonal catalogues of their products with fantastic photography. In 1999, NEXT became pioneer of online shopping as it created online version at www. Next. co. uk. Since 2011, NEXT’s standard of delivery has became next day on most home shopping orders, about 80% customers is trading online. In 2001, NEXT flowers which is selling plants, flowers, gift cards, wine;champagne. In 2008, NEXT acquires the younger women’s fashion brand which is Lipsy. Recently, NEXT has been appointed as official clothing and homewear supplier to the London 2012 Olympic Games. NEXT will supplies uniforms for 4,500 technical officials and suits for reception staff and also home textiles for the athlete’s village. John Barton has become the chairman of the board of NEXT Plc since 2006. He became a member of the board in 2002 and was appointed deputy chairman in 2004. Other board members are Lord Wolfson of Aspley Guise (Chief Executive), Christos Angelides (Group Product Director), David Keens (Group Finance Director), Andrew Varley (Group Property Director). Independent non-executive directors are Jonathan Dawson, Steve Barber, Christine Cross, Francis Salway. NEXT still continues to improve their customer service. In addition, NEXT has preparing has operations in Hong Kong, Sri Lanka and India and the UK engaged in the design, sourcing, buying, merchandising and quality control of NEXT products. Marks ; Spencer: Marks ; Spencer is also known as M;S which is a British leading retailer. M;S started from a market stall in 1884 by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in Leeds. Now, its retailer headquartered in the city of Westminster, London. M;S owns over 700 stores in the UK and over 300 stores across more than 40 countries, over 78,000 people employed by M;S in the UK and abroad. M;S offer high quality fashion clothing and home products, as well as luxury food products. When Michael Marks came to England from Slonim, he opened his first penny bazaar in Leeds. Michael wanted to look for a partner to help his growing business. He reminded of Isaac Jowitt Dewhirst who lent money to Michael towards his start up costs. Isaac rejected Michael’s request, but he recommended his cashier who was Tom Spencer. After Tom’s agreement, Marks ; Spencer was born on 28 September. In the next few years, Michael Marks and Tom Spencer opened market stalls in many locations around the North West of England and moved the original Leeds penny bazaar to Manchester. In 1901, Marks ; Spencer built a warehouse at Derby Street, Manchester. It is the first property and company’s first registered address and it was also ready for having 145 stores by 1915. In 1920s, underwear first appeared in Marks ; Spencer, bra has become M;S most iconic product. Flagship store was opened at London, Records and electrical household goods were started selling in 1930s. Further, a food department was introduced selling produce and canned foods in 1931. Cafe bar was introduced in 1935. In 1940s, M;S created utility clothing, which could be brightly pattered but was very simple in design. The food technology department was established to collaborate with supplier and by 1942 it had created 82 Cafe bars in store. In 1950s, â€Å"We were not complaining when glamour came bouncing back. It was a time for looking forward†. (M;S) Fashion finally had the chance to rebel against the harsh conditions of the war years. A new style of dress was created base on the ‘Corolle’ collection by Christian Dior. It also improved the fit of clothing, such as nylon stockings. In 1956, M;S became the first retailer to introduce No Smoking rules in their stores. During 1960s, M;S created a number of modern new items. Tights were introduced to M;S for the first time in 1962. New products made from the man-made fabric terylene which is a type of polyester, it was very popular because it was so practical and hardwearing. In order to sell fresh products to customers, M;S invented the â€Å"cold-chain† process, to keep meat chilled and fresh. Therefore, M;S was the first major British retailer to offer fresh, chilled chicken. .In the early 1970s, frozen food became more and more popular. M;S developed our nation cuisine because it was the first major retailer selling Indian and Chinese meals. On the other hand, â€Å"From the mid-1970s suppliers slowly became more involved in design. †(M;S), the products were designed by Brian Godbold, and it leaded the fashion trends. First range of furniture was introduced in 1986. M;S launched an online shopping service in 1999. The limited collection for woman was launched in 2003. M;S announced the opening of the world’s largest MS shop at Dubai Festival City in 2007. MS opened its first mainland China shop in Shanghai in 2008. More than 125 years, Marks Spencer never change their five key principles Quality, Value, Service, Innovation and Trust. As well as, the five key principles is reflected by â€Å"plan A† that target climate change, waste, sustainable raw materials, fair partnerships and health. Jeffery West: Jeffery West is a British shoes brand which created by Mark Jeffery and Guy West. Jeffery West began in 1983 when Mark Jeffery and Guy West decided to selling second-hand shoes which were reject products and samples from the shoe factory of Mark’s father. In 1987, the first Jeffery West shoe was designed. They were designing and selling their own shoes at markets in Northamptonshire and London, although they were just 16 years old. Jeffery West has earned a loyal following by unique, innovative designs and superior quality. Jeffery West produces men’s shoes and men’s accessories are suitable for the modern gentleman. â€Å"Jeffery West shoes and Jeffery West boots merge both classic rich designs with modern sophistication and elegance† (Mr-shoes. co. uk 2010) â€Å"Jeffery West uses laborious techniques such as hand burnished uppers and Goodyear welted soles, to create edgy, luxurious shoes for the true modern dandy. (asos. co. uk. 2012) The company’s aim is to produce passionate designs consistently and high attention to detail and commitment to originality that make sure each shoe is special. While many footwear manufactures are cutting corners with mass production and produce the same trite designs, Jeffery West remains committed to hand-making, artful adornment and exclusive style. Jeffery West in Northampton. Tannery visit: Tannery is the term for place where to tanning. Tanning is the process of treating skins of animals and produce durable leather. Traditionally, Tanning used an acidic chemical compound called tannin. Coloring may occur during tanning. In addition, â€Å"A tannery may be associated with a grindery, originally a whetstone facility for sharpening knives and other sharp tools, but later could carry shoemakers’ tools and materials for sale. † (Possehl, Gregory L. 1996) Before tanning, the skins should be â€Å"defresh† that include unhaired, degreased, desalted and soaked in water about 6 hours to 48 hours. Tanning can be performed with either vegetable or mineral methods. Except drying, the steps of preparation are often more complex than the process of tanning and production of leather. Curing is the most first step of tanning. Preparing skins begins by curing them with salt, curing removes superfluous water from hides in a different osmotic pressure and usually done by preserving the hides at an extreme low temperature. Beamhouse operations are known as the steps in the production of leather between curing and tanning, which include soaking, liming, unhairing and scudding, deliming, bating, drenching, and picking. Vegetable tanning is a traditional method that uses tannin (an acidic chemical compound). Tannin is collected from bark and leaves of many plants. Tannins bind to the collagen proteins in the hide and coat them causing them to become less water-soluble, and more resistant to bacterial attack. †(Fao. org 2005) Vegetable tanning causes the hide become more flexible so that vegetable tanned hide is used for luggage and furniture. The process of vegetable tanning takes a long time and it can take up to 60 days. Today, the process has been speeded up wit h chrome tanning (mineral tanning). Chrome tanning usually only taking up to 1 day and produces stretchable leather which is great for use in handbags and clothes. But chrome tanning is very bad for the environment. References: Lookbook. com. (2011). lookbook. nu help. Available: http://lookbook. nu/help. Last accessed 5th May 2012 Fulbright J. (2012). Starting a Clothing Line Business . Available: http://www. powerhomebiz. com/vol66/clothing. htm. Last accessed 5th May 2012. Glltn. com. (2006). LONDON SHOP REPORT. Available: http://glltn. com/london-shop-report/. Last accessed 5th May 2012 Heine K. (2011). The Concept of Luxury Brands . Available: http://www. conceptofluxurybrands. com/. Last accessed 5th May 2012. Ethicalfashionforum. com. (2010). What is Ethical Fashion?. Available: http://www. ethicalfashionforum. om/the-issues/ethical-fashion. Last accessed 5th Freitag A. (2012). Germany’s ‘green’ fashion market . Available: http://source. ethicalfashionforum. com/article/germanys-green-fashion-market-. Last accessed 5th May 2012. Apma. org. (2012). Footwear. Available: http://www. apma. org/MainMenu/Foot-Health/Brochures/Learn-About-Your-Feet/Footwear. aspx. Last access ed 5th May 2012. Footwearhistory. com. (2002). History of footwear. Available: http://www. footwearhistory. com/index. shtml. Last accessed 5th May 2012. ShoeGuide. Org . 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